Here are the diseases hamsters may transmit to humans and protection recommendations, compiled based on the latest research and clinical data:
1. Bacterial Infections
Salmonellosis
Transmitted through contact with contaminated feces or cage equipment, it causes diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain; severe cases can lead to sepsis.
Prevention: Replace food and water daily, wash cages with soapy water weekly, and wash hands for 20 seconds after contact.
Rat-Bite Fever
Caused by Spirillum minus or Streptobacillus moniliformis, it leads to recurrent fever and wound ulcers after bites, and may be complicated by pneumonia.
Prevention: Avoid hand-feeding, disinfect wounds immediately with iodophor, and seek medical attention.
Leptospirosis
Infected by contact with water contaminated by urine, it presents with jaundice and kidney damage, and is more prevalent in humid southern regions.
2. Viral Infections
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCMV)
Transmitted via saliva and urine, symptoms are similar to the flu; infection in pregnant women can cause fetal malformations.
The infection rate in domestic hamsters is low, but gloves should be worn when cleaning cages.
Hantavirus (Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome)
Typical symptoms include "three pains and three reds" (headache/low back pain/eye socket pain; flushing of the face/neck/chest); severe cases can lead to renal failure.
Case: In 2023, a patient was hospitalized due to hantavirus infection from hamster contact.
3. Parasites and Allergies
Mite Infestations
Cause skin rashes and allergic rhinitis; bedding should be replaced weekly and washed with boiling water.
Toxoplasmosis
Pregnant women may experience miscarriage after contact with feces; dedicated masks are needed during cleaning.
4. Protective Measures (Comprehensive Recommendations)
Environmental Management
Disinfect cages with white vinegar (1:10 dilution) and keep the environment ventilated and dry.
Personal Hygiene
Wash hands with soap after contact and avoid touching the eyes, nose, and mouth.
High-Risk Groups
Pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals are advised to refrain from keeping hamsters temporarily.
Note: The actual transmission risk is low (pathogen carriage rate in domestic hamsters is <10%), but proper rearing practices are necessary. If suspected symptoms appear, inform doctors of pet contact history promptly.